how can I help

SUPPORT

Safe listening first, because that's the one that really matters. Then the questions I actually get asked, then everything this app leans on so you can read it yourself. If none of it helps, there's a form at the bottom and it comes straight to me.

read this first

Safe listening

Sound machines can be played loudly enough to matter. In a 2014 study in Pediatrics, researchers measured fourteen infant sleep machines at maximum volume. All fourteen exceeded 50 A-weighted decibels at 30 cm, the level recommended as a ceiling for hospital nurseries, and three exceeded 85 dBA, which over an eight-hour night passes adult occupational limits for accumulated noise.

COO is a comfort tool, not a medical device. It does not diagnose, treat or prevent anything. If your baby is inconsolable, feverish, or you are worried, call your pediatrician.

common questions

Questions people
actually ask.

Does the free trial charge me anything?

No. The 7-day trial takes no card and creates no subscription, so there is nothing to cancel and nothing that renews. When it ends, COO simply returns to the free version and your custom queue order is kept. If you want to keep Premium after that, it is a one-time $3.99, paid once, never again.

How do I start the trial?

Tap the north star in the top corner of the app, or tap any locked playlist, then tap start 7 days free. The clock starts when you tap, not when you install, so you don't burn days before you know you have them.

I already paid, but Premium is locked. What do I do?

Open the north star and tap restore purchase. That asks Apple for your purchase history and re-unlocks it. This happens most often on a new phone or after a reinstall. If it still doesn't unlock, message me below with the Apple ID email you bought it with and I'll sort it out.

Where should I put the phone, and how loud?

Across the room, never in or on the crib, at a volume you can comfortably talk over. That single choice matters more than any setting in the app. The reasoning, and the paper behind it, is in the safe listening box at the top of this page.

What's the difference between free and Premium?

Free gives you four of the six playlists and 3-minute sessions. Premium adds Teething & Comfort and Sleep Wind-Down, the sound mix controls, 15 and 30 minute sessions, Play All, and a custom queue order.

Does it work without internet?

Yes. Every sound file ships inside the app, so COO works fully offline on a plane, in a car, in a basement. It only needs the network to verify a purchase.

Does it keep playing with the screen off?

Yes. COO declares background audio and keeps the audio session alive, so you can lock the phone, put it face down across the room, and it keeps going. It also appears on your lock screen so you can stop it without unlocking.

What age is COO for?

It was built for newborns through toddlers, and honestly a fair number of adults use it on themselves. The premise is co-regulation, which means it is at least as much for the person holding the baby as for the baby.

Can I leave it on all night?

You can. I'd rather you didn't at volume, though. The safety research above is about continuous, all-night, close-range exposure. A session that fades out, kept low, with the phone across the room, is how I'd do it.

What data does COO collect?

There is no login, no account, and no profile. COO doesn't ask for your name, your email or your baby's details, and there's no server for it to send them to. Your trial date and your queue order are stored on your own device. Purchases are handled by Apple and by RevenueCat, which is what tells the app whether you own Premium.

How do I get a refund?

Refunds for App Store purchases are handled by Apple, not by me. Go to reportaproblem.apple.com, sign in, find COO, and request a refund. If Apple declines and you think that's wrong, tell me below and I'll help however I can.

Is COO on Android?

Not yet, it's iOS only. If you want it on Android, say so in the form below. I'm one person deciding what to build next, so that genuinely counts.

where this comes from

Two kinds
of knowing.

Some of what COO is built on has been measured in a lab. Some of it has been practiced by people holding babies for as long as there have been babies to hold. Both are real, and some things are real well before the instruments arrive to describe them. They are different kinds of evidence though, so I've kept them apart rather than blur them together, and told you which is which.

What has been measured

Co-regulation and parent-infant synchrony

The premise of the whole app: a settled adult nervous system helps an unformed one find its footing.

  • Feldman R. Parent–infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2007;48(3-4):329–354. PubMed
  • Feldman R. Parent–Infant Synchrony: Biological Foundations and Developmental Outcomes. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2007;16(6):340–345. Journal
  • Porges SW. The Polyvagal Theory. W. W. Norton, 2011. The source of the vagal framing COO uses. Publications
  • Moore ER, Bergman N, Anderson GC, Medley N. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016. The evidence behind the Bonding playlist, and behind holding your baby generally. Cochrane

The sound environment of the womb

Why the noise layers are shaped the way they are, and where the decibel figures come from.

  • Benzaquen S, Gagnon R, Hunse C, Foreman J. The intrauterine sound environment of the human fetus during labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;163(2):484–490. Measured baseline intrauterine sound at roughly 72–88 dB, dominated by low frequencies. PubMed
  • Richards DS, Frentzen B, Gerhardt KJ, McCann ME, Abrams RM. Sound levels in the human uterus. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1992;80(2):186–190. Found low-frequency sound enhanced in utero and higher frequencies attenuated, which is why COO leans on pink and brown noise rather than white. PubMed
  • Parga JJ, et al. A description of externally recorded womb sounds in human subjects during gestation. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(5):e0197045. Open access, and the easiest one to read if you only read one. Full text

Sound, heartbeat and infant settling

The evidence that these particular sounds do something, and how large that something is.

  • Spencer JA, Moran DJ, Lee A, Talbert D. White noise and sleep induction. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1990;65(1):135–137. In forty newborns, 80% fell asleep within five minutes with white noise versus 25% without. Full text
  • Webb AR, Heller HT, Benson CB, Lahav A. Mother's voice and heartbeat sounds elicit auditory plasticity in the human brain before full gestation. PNAS. 2015;112(10):3152–3157. Full text
  • Loewy J, Stewart K, Dassler AM, Telsey A, Homel P. The effects of music therapy on vital signs, feeding, and sleep in premature infants. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):902–918. A randomised multisite trial across 272 infants in 11 NICUs, including live lullaby and the ocean disc. One of the largest studies of its kind. AAP
  • Standley JM. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of music therapy for premature infants. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2002;17(2):107–113. PubMed

Low frequency, drones and binaural beats

Where the evidence is genuinely mixed, and I'd rather say so than only show you the flattering studies.

  • Ingendoh RM, Posny ES, Heine A. Binaural beats to entrain the brain? A systematic review. PLOS ONE. 2023;18(5):e0286023. Reviewed 14 EEG studies and found the entrainment evidence inconclusive, with only about a third supporting it. That is a study arguing against my own drone layer, and it belongs here. Full text
  • Campbell E, et al. Effect of low frequency sound vibration on acute stress response in university students. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:980756. A pilot randomised controlled trial: low-frequency sound raised parasympathetic activity and lowered subjective stress. Full text

Safety, and the reason for the volume warning

The single most important paper on this page.

  • Hugh SC, Wolter NE, Propst EJ, Gordon KA, Cushing SL, Papsin BC. Infant Sleep Machines and Hazardous Sound Pressure Levels. Pediatrics. 2014;133(4):677–681. AAP

What has been practiced

Singing to babies is a human universal

The oldest evidence there is, and the kind a randomised trial cannot produce.

  • Mehr SA, Singh M, Knox D, et al. Universality and diversity in human song. Science. 2019;366(6468):eaax0868. Built from more than a century of ethnographic record: song used for dance, healing, love and soothing infants appears across 86 societies. Every culture that has been looked at sings its babies down. Science
  • Aubinet S. Lullabies and Universality: An Ethnographic Review. 2024. A careful look at what actually is and is not universal about lullabies, rather than a romantic version of it. Journal
  • Unyk AM, Trehub SE, Trainor LJ, Schellenberg EG. Lullabies and Simplicity: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Psychology of Music. 1992;20(1):15–28. Listeners identify lullabies from unfamiliar cultures at above-chance rates. Something in the form carries across. Journal

The solfeggio lineage, accurately

Older than people assume in one way, and much younger in another. Both worth knowing.

  • Guido d'Arezzo, c. 1025. The solfège syllables come from the hymn Ut queant laxis, whose six phrases each begin one step higher than the last: UT queant laxis, REsonare fibris, MIra gestorum, FAmuli tuorum, SOLve polluti, LAbii reatum. A thousand years old, and one of the foundations of Western music. Background
  • The specific frequencies are modern. Pairing those syllables with 396, 417, 528 Hz and the rest is a twentieth-century construction, popularised in the 1990s, not something handed down from Guido. You should know that. It also doesn't stop the tones from being lovely to rest under.
  • Akimoto K, Hu A, Yamaguchi T, Kobayashi H. Effect of 528 Hz Music on the Endocrine System and Autonomic Nervous System. Health. 2018;10:1159–1170. Juntendo University. Participants heard 528 Hz and standard 440 Hz music on separate days. After five minutes of 528 Hz, salivary cortisol fell significantly and oxytocin rose significantly; neither moved on 440 Hz. A real controlled comparison with a real result, and only nine people, so treat it as a reason to look further rather than a settled finding. Paper

it comes to me, not a queue

Send me a message.

Bugs, refunds, a playlist you wish existed, or the thing that finally worked at 4am and you want to tell somebody. I want all of it.

This opens your own mail app with the message ready to go, so nothing you write sits on somebody else's server first. Rather just write to me directly? alexandrarosestark@gmail.com